DECEMBER 2022

VOlUME 05 ISSUE 12 DECEMBER 2022
Jungs of Central Asia - As Legal Codes for Muftis and Qazis (Judges) of the Khanate Era
S.A. Mukhammadaminov
Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i12-45

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

The article discusses the jung sets, that is, the set of sharia rulings - programs (codes) compiled by mufti (jurist), aʿlam (senior jurist) and qāżī (judge) in Mawarannahr. Information is given about the composition and copies of jungs for whom and for what purpose they were created. A valid jurisprudential issue recognized by local scholars over the years in order to coordinate proceedings in the local judicial system. The various jung collections consisting of fatwas, different aspects in content and content, their aspects related to religious and social processes that occurred in each period are shown. In them, shariah laws and fatwas were systematically issued, which were used as legal codes by qazikhona officials. In this way, information is given about jung and their copies compiled during the period of the Emirate Bukhara and the khanates of Khiva and Kokand. Although the format, size, and scope of the issues of the complexes differ from each other, there are aspects that connect them. The compilers of jungs used the shari’a rulings (ma’mula) that have been in practice among the people who are in charge of the dispensation of justice in khanates for centuries when referring to the sources.

KEYWORDS:

jung, collection, Mukhtasar al-wiqāya fī masāʾil al-Hidāya, al-masail al-fiqhiyya, classification, Mecelle-i Ahkam-ı Adliye, code, structure, manuscript, copy.

REFERENCES

1) Akif Aydin M. Mecelle-i ahkam-i adlyye // Encyclopedia of Islam. 28. CILT. S. 231 –235;

2) Alan, M. Guenther. Hanafi Fiqh in Mughal India: The Fatawá-i ‘Olamgiri. In India’s Islamic Traditions, 711–1750, ed. Richard Eaton. Oxford in India Readings. Themes in Indian History. New Delhi: Oxford University Press of India. 2003. P.207– 230;

3) Aziz, Ahmad. The Role of Ulema in Indo-Muslim History // Studia Islamica. 1970. Vol. 30. pp. 1-13

4) Elisa Giunchi. The Reinvention of “Shariʿa” under the British Raj: In Search of Authenticity and Certainty// The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. 69, No. 4 (November 2010). P.1133.

5) Halil Inalcik. Code // Encyclopedia of Islam. 24. CILT. P.333 –337.

6) Jung. IVANUz. Manuscript №8470. Jung V.373а.

7) Jung. IVANUz. Manuscript № 8412.

8) Jung. IVANUz. Manuscript № 8388.

9) IVANUz Manuscripts №№ 12565/II;103/III; 3770/II and others.

10) Karaman H. History of Islamic law. Istanbul: Iz Publishing, 2012. P. 309;

11) Mirza Abdal Azim Sami. Tarixi Salatin-a mangitiya. (Istoriya mangitskix gosudarey). / Pred. L.M.Epifanovoy. – M., 1962. S. 94.

12) Karahasanoğlu C. Entry into force of Mecelle‐i Ahkam‐ı Adliyye and its importance in terms of Turkish legal history // Ankara University Ottoman history research and application center journal. 2011. No 2. P. 95.

13) Mecelle-i ahkam-e adlyye // Encyclopedia of Islam. 28. CILT. P. 231 –235.

14) Morrison А. Russian rule in Samarkand 1868–1910: a comparison with British. India. – Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008. – Р. 55-58.

15) Mukhtasar al-wiqaya ma’ jung. IVANUz. Manuscript № 10727. V.35б-36а.

16) “Mukhtasar al-wiqaya ma’ jung” IVANUz. Lithography. № 6550, 4815, 4814, 13382. Publisher: Mulla Muhammadi Mahdum. Bukhara. Kogon. 1327/1909.

17) Muhammadaminov S. Jung – the collection of practicing traditional judge of Central Asia (end of 16th century – 19th century). // https://ifeac.hypotheses.org/3217 2016 y. (in english).

18) Muhammadaminov S. Buxoro amirligi davrida yaratilgan ayrim fatvo to‘plamlari va ularning tarixiy ahamiyati // Imom Buhoriy saboqlari. – Tashkent, 2020. No. 3. - P. 60-61

19) Muhammadaminov S. Vliyaniye Indiyskix fetv na Sentralnuyu Aziyu // ALATOO ACADEMIC STUDIES. Nauchniy jurnal. Izdaniye Mejdunarodnogo universiteta “Ala-Too” Bishkek, Kirgizstan. 2019. № 4. S. 201 –213.

20) Muhammadaminov S. Xorazmda tuzilgan ayrim jo‘nglar xususida // Sharqshunoslik. – Toshkent, Fan. 2014. № 17.

21) Nazmi Muxtasar al-Viqoya. Nashrga tayyorlovchi: Ne'matilla Nasrullayev. Toshkent: Hilol-Nashr, 2016.

22) Paolo Sartori. An overview of Tsarist policy on Islamic courts in Turkestan: its genealogy and its effects // Cahiers d’Asie centrale. 2009/12/1. P. 477-507.

23) Paolo Sartori. Judicial elections as a colonial reform. The Qadis and Biys in Tashkent, 1868-1883// Cahiers du monde russe. 2008/2/25. P. 79-100.

24) Paolo Sartori, Pavel Shabley. Eksperimenti imperii. M.: NLO, 2019. S.7.

25) Raximdjanova N.Q. Turkiston matbuotida diniy mansabdorlar haqidagi qarashlar (qozilar faoliyati misolida) // Dargoh va devon faoliyati tarixidan. Toshkent: Akademnashr. 2019. 346-bet.

26) Sharia and court (property and obligatory law). Translation of the Civil Code (Majelle) used in the Ottoman Empire. Volume 1–3. Tashkent, 1911–1912.

27) SVR (Collection of Oriental Manuscripts) V. I-XI. Tashkent, Science. 1952–1987.

28) Voxidov Sh., Choriyev Z. Sadri Ziyo va uning kutubxonasi. – Toshkent: Yangi asr avlodi, 2007. S. CXLII.

29) Yusupov M.S. Sud v Buxare. Sudoustroystvo i sudoproizvodstvo v Buxarskom emirate v kontse XIX i nachale XX v. Tekst i vvodnaya statya: Ulfat Abdurasulov i Paolo Sartori. Tashkent – Vena, 2016. S. 12.

VOlUME 05 ISSUE 12 DECEMBER 2022

Indexed In

Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar